separated an issue out for a separate question, in accordance with the Uniform
Civil Procedure Rules 2005 (NSW) (hereinafter “UCPR”), no question or
questions had been prescribed for answer.
4
At the outset of the proceedings, an issue arose as to the question for the
Court and, in particular, whether the question intended to be separated by the
Court, in its earlier directions, included the Court dealing with the defence of
Innocent Dissemination: s 32 of the Defamation Act 2005 (NSW). The terms of
s 32 of the Defamation Act assume that “innocent dissemination” is a “defence”
to the “publication of defamatory matter” and, in that regard, assumes that the
innocent disseminator has published. This will be dealt with more fully later in
these reasons.
5
Nevertheless, the parties, after short openings, were referred into conference
to agree on the question to be asked of the Court. That agreed question is:
“Whether the plaintiff has established the publication element of the cause of
action of defamation against the defendant in respect of each of the Facebook
comments by third-party users that are alleged to be defamatory?”
6
To answer the foregoing question, it is unnecessary to determine, presently,
whether the material on the public Facebook page is defamatory or whether
defences exist that would exonerate the defendants or ameliorate the damages
caused by the defendants, were they found to be liable. As stated, the
defendants sought, at least initially, to have the issue of “innocent
dissemination” answered, but agreed to the question above, perhaps on the
basis, to which some authorities refer, that an “innocent disseminator” is not a
publisher.
7
The question on which the parties agreed does not seem, directly, to raise
whether the defence of “innocent dissemination”, arising under s 32 of the
Defamation Act, is available. Nevertheless, there are certain aspects of the
process by which the comments of third parties are placed, or remain, on the
public Facebook page of the defendants that directly raises this aspect.
Facts and Evidence
8
The facts relevant to the allegedly defamatory material have probably been
sufficiently outlined to enable an understanding of the issue before the Court.
Each of the media companies that is the defendant in each of the proceedings