The Federal Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Act, 2021, is Pakistan’s first federal law specifically aimed at safeguarding journalists, including digital journalists. It establishes the Commission for the Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals to monitor media freedom, ensure journalist safety, and investigate threats or attacks against them. The Act mandates life and health insurance coverage for journalists and media professionals while requiring the government to investigate and prosecute violence or abuse against them. However, the Act lacks provisions for a special prosecutor and enforcement mechanisms if the government fails to protect journalists. It controversially holds journalists accountable for respecting the rights of others and avoiding the dissemination of false information, subjecting them to criminal prosecution if these obligations are not met. This duality, where journalists are both protected and potentially prosecuted under the same law, raises concerns.