32 2° for any company to hold shares, whether directly or indirectly through any nominee organization, or subsidiary or other associated company which is part of the same group of companies, in more than one company which is supplying telecommunications networks and/or services. Any company contravening these provisions must sell its shares holding forthwith. CHAPTER XVI. PRIVACY AD DATA PROTECTIO Article 54 Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter and Chapter 14 of this law, every user’s voice or data communications carried by means of a telecommunications network or telecommunications service, remains confidential to that user and the user’s intended recipient of that voice or data communication. Unless authorized by Article 55 of this law, it is forbidden for any natural person or organization to carry out any interception of communications. Any natural person or organization that contravenes the paragraph (2) of this Article are subject to the penalties set out in Article 70 of this law. Article 55 The provisions of Article 54 of this law do not apply if: 1° the user has given explicit written authorization ; 2° the court has authorized, the interception of communications, or recorded communications; 3° the purpose of providing evidence of any commercial transaction or that a business communication has taken place. The court may authorize the interception of communications if it is necessary: 1° to safeguard national integrity, or to protect the other country's security and in the interests of the defence of the Republic; 2° for public security reasons; 3° for the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences; 4° to determine whether unlicensed installation and use of a telecommunications network, or telecommunications terminal equipment, or the unlicensed provision of a telecommunications service has taken place; Application to the court may be made by the Ministry most affected, notably the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Commerce , and/or the Regulatory Board.