-45standards which would make commercial operation impossible or introduce a chilling effect discouraging free and open exchanges. At the same time, a platform provider must genuinely recognize and take all reasonable steps to protect the rights and reputations of persons from being unlawfully damaged by postings published on the forum. Thus, for instance, while an internet intermediary may not be expected to police or filter the many-to-many discussions hosted, it is appropriate to require prompt action to take down offending postings upon receiving a complaint or otherwise becoming aware of them. 112. As it happens, the evidence indicates that the discourse often encountered on the respondents’ forum is of very doubtful social value. It frequently involves merely vulgar abuse. But freedom of expression must not be devalued because it permits such low grade exchanges. Examples of forums of undeniable value to society in the political, scientific, social, cultural and other spheres are plentiful. O. Conclusion 113. For the foregoing reasons, I conclude that the respondents: (a) did not authorize publication of the defamatory statements;97 (b) are not to be regarded as the only possible first or main publishers;98 (c) did not know the content of the relevant statements and did not realistically have the ability or opportunity to prevent their publication and therefore were not the first or main publishers of those statements;99 and 97 Section I above. 98 Section J above. 99 Section K above.