5.8.1 Digital Subscriber Line on Copper The Government recognises that last mile copper loop is an opportunity for provision of broadband services. Telecommunication access providers will therefore be free to enter into mutually agreed commercial arrangements for utilisation of available copper loop for expansion of broadband services. The telecommunication operator owning the local loop will be free to decide the areas in which investment is to be made to upgrade the infrastructure for Broadband services. 5.8.2 Cable TV Networks Cable TV connections, as last mile infrastructure, can be leveraged to provide Broadband penetration. As a result, Cable TV network operators will be licensed to provide Broadband services. 5.8.3 Satellite Networks Satellite network service providers will be licensed to provide broadband access with emphasis on rural and under-served areas. 5.8.4 Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Apparatus Frequency Band The ISM frequency bands in Kenya, i.e. 2.4 GHz and 5.7 GHz, will be opened up for public wireless data communication and the provision of broadband. The use of these bands will be based on the criteria of least congestion, non-protection and non-exclusiveness. In doing so, migration/allocation process will be coordinated to avoid conflict with the existing users. 5.9 REGIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE The Government will support the development of regional ICT projects and collaborate with both public and private sector 32