Article Forty-eight
1.The judicial system shall consist of the Supreme Court, the aimag and the capital city
courts, soum (county) or inter-soum (inter-county), and district courts, and the court may
be established by circumferential principle. The specialized courts, such as criminal, civil
and administrative by task types of the administration of justice, may be established. The
activities and decisions of these specialized courts shall not be outside the oversight by
the Supreme Court.
/This paragraph was amended by the law on addendum and amendment to the
Constitution of Mongolia as of November 14, 2019/
2.The organization of courts and the legal basis of their activities shall be determined by
law.
3.The courts shall be financed from the State budget. The State shall ensure economic
guarantee of the court's activities.
Article Forty-nine
1.Judges shall be impartial and subject only to law.
2.The President, the Prime Minister, members of the State Great Khural and the
Government, or officials of the State, political parties or other mass organizations, citizens
or anyone else, shall not interfere with the exercise of judicial duties by the judges.
3.The General Council of Courts shall function for the purpose of ensuring the impartiality
of the judges and independence of the judiciary.
4.The General Council of Courts, without interfering in the judicial proceedings of courts
and judges, shall deal exclusively with the selection of judges from among lawyers,
protection of their rights, and other matters pertaining to the ensuring of conditions for
guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary.
5.Five members of the General Council of Courts (hereinafter referred to as the "Council")
shall be selected from among the judges, and the other five members shall be nominated
and appointed openly. They shall work once for four years, and Chairman of the Council
shall be elected from among the members. Report on the Council activities in connection
with ensuring the impartiality of judges shall be presented to the Supreme Court.
Organization of the Council, operational regulation, the requirement for its members, and
the procedure of appointment shall be determined by law.
/This paragraph was amended by the law on addendum and amendment to the
Constitution of Mongolia as of November 14, 2019/
6.The Disciplinary Committee of the Court shall work with function to suspend from the
position of judge, dismiss a judge, and impose other disciplinary actions under the
procedure and the grounds specified in the law, and its power, organization, operational
procedure, the requirements for its members, and the procedure of appointment shall be
determined by law.
/This paragraph was added by the law on addendum and amendment to the Constitution
of Mongolia as of November 14, 2019/
Article Fifty
1.The Supreme Court shall be the highest judicial organ and shall exercise the following
power:
1/to adjudicate at the first instance procedure the criminal cases and legal disputes
assigned under its jurisdiction by law;
2/to examine decisions of lower-instance courts through appeal or
supervision/cassation;
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