Unofficial Translation THE CONSTITUTION OF MONGOLIA January 13, 1992 Ulaanbaatar city We the people of Mongolia, in order to - strengthen the independence and sovereignty of the state, - cherish human rights and freedoms, justice/good faith and national unity, - inherit the traditions of national statehood, history and culture, - respect the accomplishments of human civilization, and - aspire toward of building a human, civic and democratic society in our homeland, do proclaim and declare this Constitution for Mongolia. CHAPTER ONE SOVEREIGNTY OF MONGOLIA Article One 1.Mongolia is an independent and sovereign republic. 2.The fundamental principles of the activities of the State shall be democracy, justice, freedom, equality, securing a national unity, and the rule of law. Article Two 1.By its state structure, Mongolia shall be a unitary State. 2.The territory of Mongolia shall be divided into the administrative units only. Article Three 1.In Mongolia state power shall be vested in the people of Mongolia. The Mongolian people shall exercise it through their direct participation in state affairs as well as through the representative bodies of the State authority elected by them. 2.Illegal seizure of State power or any attempt to do so shall be prohibited. Article Four 1.The territorial integrity and border of Mongolia shall be inviolable. 2.The border of Mongolia shall be safeguarded by law. 3.Stationing of foreign military forces within the territory of Mongolia, or allowing them to traverse the state frontier, without enactment of law, shall be prohibited. Article Five 1.Mongolia shall have an economy based on different forms of sectors consistent to universal trends of global economic development and own country's specifics. 2.The State shall recognize all forms of public and private property, and shall protect the rights of the owners by law. 3.The owner's rights may only be restricted on grounds specified in the law. 4.The State shall regulate the economy in order to ensure the nation's economic security, the development of all forms of economic sectors, and social development of the population. 5.The livestock is a national wealth and shall be protected by the State. Article Six 1.In Mongolia the land, its subsoil, forests, water, fauna, flora and other natural wealth shall be subject to people's power only and be under the State protection. 2.The land, except those owned by the citizens of Mongolia, as well as the subsoil, its wealth, forests, water reserves, and wildlife shall be the state public property. The state policy on use of the natural wealth shall be based on the long-term development policy and aim to ensure rights of each citizen in current and future generations to live in