(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a computer shall be treated as a “protected computer” if the person committing the offence knew, or ought reasonably to have known, that the computer or program or data is used directly in connection with or necessary for — (​a)​ the security, defence or international relations of Singapore; (​b)​ the existence or identity of a confidential source of information relating to the enforcement of a criminal law; (​c​) the provision of services directly related to communications infrastructure, banking and financial services, public utilities, public transportation or public key infrastructure; or (​d)​ the protection of public safety including systems related to essential emergency services such as police, civil defence and medical services.   [21/98] (3) For the purposes of any prosecution under this section, it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that the accused has the requisite knowledge referred to in subsection (2) if there is, in respect of the computer, program or data, an electronic or other warning exhibited to the accused stating that unauthorised access to that computer, program or data attracts an enhanced penalty under this section.   [21/98] Abetments and attempts punishable as offences   10.   —(1) Any person who abets the commission of or who attempts to commit or does any act preparatory to or in furtherance of the commission of any offence under this Act shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable on conviction to the punishment provided for the offence. (2) For an offence to be committed under this section, it is immaterial where the act in question took place. PART III   MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL Territorial scope of offences under this Act   11.   —(1) Subject to subsection (2), the provisions of this Act shall have effect, in relation to any person, whatever his nationality or citizenship, outside as well as within Singapore.