Chapter VI
Exceptions
23. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 24 of this Law, any natural person may, for his personal and
private use, copy, record or make a single copy of any work protected under this Law without the
authorization or consent of the copyright holder and without having to pay him any compensation, provided
that the work has been legally published.
The use of a copy copied or reproduced inside a company or at any other work place shall not be
considered as personal and private use.
24. The exception provided for in the previous Article shall not apply if it is prejudicial to the other rights and
interests of the copyright holder. In particular, it shall be prohibited to:
- execute an architectural work in the form of a complete or partial construction;
- copy, record or reproduce any work of which a limited number of original copies are published;
- reproduce the whole or a significant part of a book;
- record or transmit compilations of data of all kinds;
- record or copy computer programs unless the record or copy is made by the person authorized by the
copyright holder to use the program and for the purpose of making a single copy for use in the case of loss
or damage of the original copy.
25. Non-profit-making educational institutions, universities and public libraries may, without the authorization
of the author and without obligation to pay him compensation, reproduce a limited number of computer
programs for the purpose of lending them free of charge to students and university people, provided that
they possess at least one original copy of the work and provided that the Ministry of Education, the Ministry
of Culture and Higher Education and the Ministry of Technical and Vocational Education subsequently issue
decrees determining the copying mechanism, the categories of computer programs that may be copied and
the number of copies allowed. Students may make one copy for their personal use.
It shall also be permitted, without the authorization of the author and without obligation to pay him
compensation, to use a limited part of any legally published work for purposes of criticism, argumentation or
citation or for an educational purpose, provided that the part used does not exceed what is necessary and
customary. However, the name of the author and the source shall always be indicated, if the name of the
author is included in the work.
26. It shall be permitted, without the authorization of the author and without obligation to pay him
compensation, to copy or reproduce articles published in newspapers and magazines or short excerpts of a
work, provided that it is done solely for educational purposes and within the necessary limits of such
purpose. If the names of the author(s) and the publisher appear on the original work, they shall be
mentioned in each and every use of the copy of the article or work.
27. Non-profit-making public libraries may, without the authorization of the author and without obligation to
pay him compensation, make an additional copy of a work to be used in case of loss or damage of the
original work, provided that they possess at least one copy of the original work.
28. It shall be permitted, by decision of the Minister of Culture and Higher Education, without the
authorization of the author and without obligation to pay him compensation, to copy, reproduce or record an
audiovisual work of special artistic value in order to keep it in the Ministry's archives, in case the copyright
holder unfairly refuses to authorize the making of the said copy.
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