Ø The rules on legitimate sources of funding and the complete ban on foreign funding, including foreign investment, set out in Article 20 should be repealed. The latter should either be abandoned entirely or the Law should set reasonable maximum limits on foreign investment in the media. 4. Restrictions on Journalists The most general provision on journalists in the Press and Publications Law is Article 10, which provides that no one who is not a journalist may practise journalism in any form, including as a correspondent for a local or foreign media, or present him- or herself as a journalist, although this does not apply to those whose work is limited to writing articles. This needs to be read in conjunction with the relevant provisions in the Jordan Press Association Law (JPA Law),19 which give it fuller meaning. According to Article 16(a) of the JPA Law, no media outlet may hire any person as a journalist unless he or she is on the practising journalist list of the JPA, breach of which may lead to a find of between JD 1,000 and 2,000 according to Article 18(c) of the same law. Pursuant to Article 5 of the same Law, journalists must meet a number of conditions to attain this status, including having an appropriate combination of education and training (as a sort of intern). For example, those with a PhD in journalism do not have to spend any time training, while those who have an MA must train for six months and this increases with less education, so that those with just a secondary school diploma must spend four years training. Candidates must also pass a test at the end of the training period. Individuals must also work fulltime as journalists to remain on the practising journalist list.20 The rules exclude a number of categories of individuals who would be considered to be journalists in other countries. These include those working for broadcasters other than in the news department, those working for non-news websites (or websites that are not registered with the MC), those who do not work fulltime as journalists or who work for more than one outlet (which excludes freelancers and many of those who work for news websites, some of whom work for more than one website). In addition, some websites do not have a social security number, even if they are registered with the MC, which also precludes their employees from becoming JPA members.21 19 No. 15 for the year 1998, published in the Official Gazette No. 4304, p. 3745, 1 October 1998. Available in Arabic at: http://www.lob.gov.jo/AR/Pages/AdvancedSearch.aspx. 20 See Assessment of Media Development in Jordan: Based on UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators, note 7, pp. 66-67. 21 Ibid., pp. 68-69. Jordan: Analysis of the Press and Publications Law, 1998, as Amended - 13