the human rights of others in society, nation and state. Therefore, in exercising
the rights and freedoms, Every Person shall be subject to restrictions
determined by law solely for the purpose of ensuring the recognition and
respect for the rights and freedoms of others and the sense of fairness in
accordance with moral consideration, religious values, security and public order
in a democratic society.
Efforts to fulfill the objective of forming the government of Indonesian
nation, the establishment of sovereignty, national integrity, territorial integrity of
the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and dynamic national stability
are key requirements. However, along the way, the process of globalization has
resulted in the emergence of new phenomena that may have positive impacts
facing the Indonesia nation, such as democratization, respect for human rights,
demands for the rule of law, transparency, and accountability. Such
phenomena may also have negative impacts that are detrimental to the nation
and state, which in turn can lead to threats to national interests and security.
Threats are diverse in nature, i.e., physical or non-physical, conventional
or non-conventional, global or local, immediate or future, potential or actual,
military or non-military, directly or indirectly, foreign or domestic, armed or nonarmed.
Threats to human security include economy, food, health, environment,
personnel, community, and politics. Threats to public order and safety include
common crime and transnational organized crime. Threats to domestic security
include
separatism,
terrorism,
espionage,
sabotage,
political
violence,
horizontal conflict, information warfare, cyber warfare, and national economy.
Threats to defense include unlimited war, limited war, border conflict, and
territorial violation.
It is worth mentioning that the Threats to national interests and security
are less traditional and more non-traditional in nature. The nature of Threats
has experienced a paradigm shift, i.e., they include not only internal Threats
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