SECTION: 2.1 DEFINITIONS Except when the context or a specific provision of law otherwise requires, the following terms when used in this Chapter, for the purpose of this Chapter, shall have the meaning as ascribed to them in this section: (a) The term "applicant" includes the author or a literary, scientific or artistic work, his heirs and assigns, and the proprietor thereof; (b) The term "author" refers to the person who has created a literary, scientific or artistic work and includes writers, playwrights, composers, designers, painters, architects, sculptors, engravers, lithographers, illustrators, photographers, translators, arrangers, adaptors, and all other creators of literary, scientific or artistic works. However, where the work is produced by officials, employees, or workers, as part of their duties, the persons who employ them shall be entitled to copyright originally, unless the contrary results from a contract or regulations applying to the parties concerned. Further, where the work is commissioned by a person who is not the employer of the author and who pays or agrees to pay for it and the work made in pursuance of that commission, the person who so commissioned the work shall be entitled to copyright originally, unless there is a stipulation to the contrary or he has not fulfilled his agreement; (c) A work is "created" when it is fixed in a copy or sound recording for the first time; where a work is prepared over a period of time, the portion of it that has been fixed at any particular time constitutes the work as of that time, and where the work has been prepared in different versions and each version constitutes an separate work. I. An "anonymous work" is a work on the copies or sound recordings of which no natural person is identified as author. 11. "Audiovisual works" are works that consist of a series of related images which are intrinsically intended to be shown by the use of machines or devices such as projectors, viewers, or electronic equipment, together with accompanying sounds, if any, regardless of the nature of the material objects, such as films or tapes in which works are embodied. Ill. A "collective work" is a word which has been created by two or more physical persons at the initiative and under the direction of a physical person or legal entity with the understanding that it will be disclosed by the latter person or entity under his or its own name and that the identity of the contributing physical persons will not be indicated in the work. IV. A "derivative work" is a work based upon one or more preexisting works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgement, condensation, or any other form in which a work may be recast, transformed, or adapted. A work consisting of editorial revision annotations, elaboration, or other modifications, which as a whole, represent an original work of authorship, is a "derivative work". v. A "joint work" is a work prepared by two or more authors with the intention that their contributions be merged into inseparable or interdependent parts of a unitary whole. 4